Linux知识众多，发行版又广，为了避免每次着急使查资料的尴尬情况出现，特此将我平时可能用到的命令都记录下来，以方便后面使用。

更新源

Ubuntu

# 备份更新源
mv /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

阿里源

18.04

echo deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list
echo deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list
echo deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list
echo deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list
echo deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list
echo deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list
echo deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list
echo deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list
echo deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list
echo deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list

16.04

echo deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list
echo deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list
echo deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list
echo deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list
echo deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list
echo deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list
echo deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list
echo deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list

清华源

19.04

echo deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ disco main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list echo deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ disco main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list echo deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ disco-updates main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list echo deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ disco-updates main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list echo deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ disco-backports main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list echo deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ disco-backports main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list echo deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ disco-security main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list echo deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ disco-security main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list echo deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ disco-proposed main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list echo deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ disco-proposed main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list

18.04

echo deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list
echo deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list
echo deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list
echo deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list
echo deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list
echo deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list
echo deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list
echo deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list
echo deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list
echo deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list

14.04

echo deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list echo deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list echo deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list echo deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list echo deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list echo deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list echo deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list echo deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse >> /etc/apt/sources.list

Kali

备份更新源

mv /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

中科大源

echo deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib >> /etc/apt/sources.list echo deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib >> /etc/apt/sources.list

浙大源

echo deb http://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/kali kali-rolling main contrib non-free >> /etc/apt/sources.list
echo deb-src http://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/kali kali-rolling main contrib non-free >> /etc/apt/sources.list

东软大学

echo deb http://mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn/kali kali-rolling/main non-free contrib >> /etc/apt/sources.list echo deb-src http://mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn/kali kali-rolling/main non-free contrib >> /etc/apt/sources.list

Debian

备份更新源

mv /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

Debian 10 buster 网易源

echo deb 
http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster main contrib non-free >> /etc/apt/sources.list echo deb 
http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free >> /etc/apt/sources.list echo deb 
http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ buster-backports main contrib non-free >> /etc/apt/sources.list echo deb 
http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security buster/updates main contrib non-free >> /etc/apt/sources.list

Debian 9 stretch 网易源

echo deb 
http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ stretch main contrib non-free >> /etc/apt/sources.list echo deb 
http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ stretch-updates main contrib non-free >> /etc/apt/sources.list echo deb 
http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ stretch-backports main contrib non-free >> /etc/apt/sources.list echo deb 
http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security stretch/updates main contrib non-free >> /etc/apt/sources.list

Debian 8 jessie 网易源

echo deb 
http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ jessie main contrib non-free >> /etc/apt/sources.list echo deb 
http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ jessie-updates main contrib non-free >> /etc/apt/sources.list echo deb 
http://mirrors.163.com/debian/ jessie-backports main contrib non-free >> /etc/apt/sources.list echo deb 
http://mirrors.163.com/debian-security jessie/updates main contrib non-free >> /etc/apt/sources.list

CentOS

备份更新源

mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.bak

阿里云的CentOS-Base.repo到/etc/yum.repos.d/

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

刷新源

yum update

生成缓存

yum makecache

这里我用的是CentOS7的更新源，其他源参考如下：

CentOS 5 国内源替换

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-5.repo

CentOS 6 国内源替换

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo

Proxychains

安装

Ubuntu/Debian

apt install  proxychains

CentOS

#下载到指定目录
cd /usr/local/src
git clone https://github.com/rofl0r/proxychains-ng.git
cd proxychains-ng

手动编译

./configure make && make install make install-config

配置

Kali/Ubuntu/Debian

vim /etc/proxychains.conf

CentOS

vim /usr/local/etc/proxychains.conf

测试

proxychains curl https://www.google.com

ZSH

Ubuntu/Kali/Debian安装

# 安装zsh apt install zsh 
# 更改默认shell为zsh chsh -s /bin/zsh 
# 安装oh-my-zsh sh -c $(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh) 
# 下载命令补全插件 git clone git://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions $ZSH_CUSTOM/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions 
# zshrc配置文件中修改如下内容 plugins=(git zsh-autosuggestions) 
# 重新加载zsh配置 zsh

CentOS安装

# 安装zsh yum install zsh

出来安装使用yum以为，其他配置方法和上面其他发行版系统一样，这里就不再赘述了。

SSH

安装SSH

Ubuntu

# 直接安装报错 apt install openssh-server

报错了，内容如下：

下列软件包有未满足的依赖关系： openssh-server : 依赖: openssh-client (= 1:7.6p1-4) 依赖: openssh-sftp-server 但是它将不会被安装 推荐: ssh-import-id 但是它将不会被安装 E: 无法修正错误，因为您要求某些软件包保持现状，就是它们破坏了软件包间的依赖关系。

手动解决依赖，这里是因为openssh-server是依赖于openssh-clien的，那我们手动安装下指定的版本的openssh-clientBash

# 手动解决依赖
apt install openssh-client=1:7.6p1-4
# 重新安装openssh-server
apt install openssh-server

CentOS

# 安装SSH yum install openssh-server

Kali/Debian

apt install openssh-server

开启允许root远程登陆

Ubuntu

# 允许root远程登陆
echo PermitRootLogin yes >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config

# SSH开机自启
systemctl enable ssh

# 开启SSH
/etc/init.d/ssh start

CentOS/Debian/Kali

echo PermitRootLogin yes >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config

SSH开机自启

systemctl enable sshd

开启SSH

systemctl start sshd

ssh连接非22端口

ssh -p 端口 x.x.x.x

ssh使用公私钥登陆

#生成公私钥
ssh-keygen
#到ssh公私钥放的文件夹
cd /root/.ssh/
#将公钥的内容拷贝到authorized_keys文件中
cat id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys
#关闭密码登陆
echo PasswordAuthentication no >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config
#重启ssh
/etc/init.d/ssh restart

效果如下：

将拷贝下来的私钥设置600权限

 chmod 600 ~/Downloads/test_rsa

使用私钥登陆

ssh -i ~/Downloads/test_rsa [email protected] IP

ssh取消公私钥登陆

清空.ssh文件夹

rm -rf /root/.ssh/*

允许密码登陆

echo PasswordAuthentication yes >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config

重启SSH服务

/etc/init.d/ssh restart

scp拷贝文件

scp 本地文件 用户名@服务器地址:要拷贝的路径

![tp](https://dn-coding-net-tweet.codehub.cn/photo/2019/8f43f3dc-2117-4171-9295-a126dbb05205.jpg
)

scp拷贝非22端口文件

scp -P端口 本地文件 用户名@服务器地址:要拷贝的路径

JDK

因为JDK官网需要登录验证才可以下载的原因，不能直接通过wget来下载tar.gz安装包了，得自己手动copy一下。

#解压到
/usr/lib/目录下 sudo tar -zxvf jdk-8u221-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/lib/ 
#编辑
/etc/profile 配置文件 sudo vim /etc/profile

末尾添加如下内容

JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jdk1.8.0_221 PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/ext:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar export PATH JAVA_HOME CLASSPATH

重新载入配置文件

source /etc/profile

验证是否安装成功

java -version

grep

搜索文件内容

#搜索/home/sqlsec/Desktop/BBS/中的所有php后缀中的password关键词 grep -r password --include=*.php /home/sqlsec/Desktop/BBS/ 
#可以添加多个后缀 grep -r 关键词 --include=*.后缀1 --include=*.后缀2 目标路径
#搜索/home/sqlsec/Desktop/BBS/中的所有php后缀中的password关键词 
#不搜索js后缀 grep -r password --include=*.php --exclude=*.js /home/sqlsec/Desktop/BBS/

用户

修改用户密码

#修改当前用户密码
passwd

#修改指定用户密码
passwd 用户名

#修改root密码
sudo passwd

adduser 新建用户

adduser test

useradd 新建用户

#创建test用户并自动生成主目录且指定shell为

useradd -d /home/test -m test -s /bin/bash 
#设置test用户密码 passwd test

删除用户

#只删除用户
sudo userdel 用户名 
#连同用户主目录一块删除
sudo userdel -r 用户名

MySQL

Ubuntu

#安装MySQL客户端
apt install mysql-client 
#安装MySQL服务端
apt install mysql-server 
#启动MySQL
/etc/init.d/mysql start 
#初始化MySQL
sudo mysql_secure_installation

Debian/Kali

#安装MySQL客户端
apt install mariadb-client 
#安装MySQL服务端
apt install mariadb-server 
#启动MySQL
/etc/init.d/mysql start 
#初始化MySQL
sudo mysql_secure_installation

CentOS

#安装客户端和服务端 默认root密码为空 
yum install mariadb-server 
#启动 mariadb 
sudo systemctl start mariadb 
#设置开机自启 
sudo systemctl enable mariadb 
#查看mariadb状态 
sudo systemctl status mariadb 
#初始化MySQL 
sudo mysql_secure_installation

SQL允许root远程登陆

SQL

#允许root外部访问连接
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '这里是root密码' WITH GRANT OPTION;
#刷新权限
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

连接非3306默认端口

mysql -h目标IP地址 -u用户名 -p密码 -P端口
mysql -h10.211.55.9 -uroot -ppassword -P 33060

系统进程

查看进程

ps -a 
ps -au 
ps -aux 
ps -ef

杀掉进程

kill -9 pid号

END

©️申明

文章作者: 国光
文章链接: https://www.sqlsec.com/2019/10/docker2.html